Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning as a novel fingerprint for cardiovascular events: results from the prospective cohorts in UK and China | BMC Medicine
8 min read
Collaborators GBDS. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(10):795–820.
Joseph P, Leong D, McKee M, Anand SS, Schwalm JD, Teo K, et al. Reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease, part 1: the epidemiology and risk factors. Circ Res. 2017;121(6):677–94.
Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, et al. Heart disease and stroke Statistics-2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153–639.
D’Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham heart study. Circulation. 2008;117(6):743–53.
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson J, May M, Brindle P. Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ. 2007;335(7611):136.
Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. 2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: the sixth joint task force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J. 2016;37(29):2315–81.
Flammer J, Konieczka K, Bruno RM, Virdis A, Flammer AJ, Taddei S. The eye and the heart. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(17):1270–8.
London A, Benhar I, Schwartz M. The retina as a window to the brain-from eye research to CNS disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9(1):44–53.
Wang D, Li Y, Wang C, Xu L, You QS, Wang YX, et al. Localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects and stroke. Stroke. 2014;45(6):1651–6.
Kanar HS, Penbe A, Kanar BG. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer alterations in chronic heart failure patients. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2021;84(5):467–73.
Majithia S, Tham YC, Chong CCY, Yu M, Cheung CY, Bikbov MM, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and rim area profiles in Asians: pooled analysis from the Asian eye epidemiology consortium. Ophthalmology. 2022;129(5):552–61.
Neoh YL, Neoh PF, Salleh A, Yusof ZB, Gurusamy B, Ahmad Tajudin LS. Triple vessel coronary artery disease and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2018;47(6):226–9.
Shin JY, Lee J, Lee CJ, Park S, Byeon SH. Association between localised retinal nerve fibre layer defects and cardiovascular risk factors. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):19340.
Lamparter J, Schmidtmann I, Schuster AK, Siouli A, Wasielica-Poslednik J, Mirshahi A, et al. Association of ocular, cardiovascular, morphometric and lifestyle parameters with retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0197682.
Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang A, Zhang S, Pan Y, Li Y, et al. Relationship of ideal cardiovascular health metrics with retinal vessel calibers and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018;18(1):187.
Sudlow C, Gallacher J, Allen N, Beral V, Burton P, Danesh J, et al. UK Biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age. PLoS Med. 2015;12(3):e1001779.
Chua SYL, Khawaja AP, Dick AD, Morgan J, Dhillon B, Lotery AJ, et al. Ambient air pollution associations with retinal morphology in the UK Biobank. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(5):32.
Chua SYL, Lascaratos G, Atan D, Zhang B, Reisman C, Khaw PT, et al. Relationships between retinal layer thickness and brain volumes in the UK Biobank cohort. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(5):1490–8.
Khawaja AP, Chua S, Hysi PG, Georgoulas S, Currant H, Fitzgerald TW, et al. Comparison of associations with different macular inner retinal thickness parameters in a large cohort: the UK Biobank. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(1):62–71.
Ahn J, Hwang DD. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):18115.
Tatham AJ, Medeiros FA. Detecting structural progression in glaucoma with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(12S):S57–65.
Ko F, Muthy ZA, Gallacher J, Sudlow C, Rees G, Yang Q, et al. Association of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning with current and future cognitive decline: a study using optical coherence tomography. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(10):1198–205.
Patel PJ, Foster PJ, Grossi CM, Keane PA, Ko F, Lotery A, et al. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging in 67 321 adults: associations with macular thickness in the UK Biobank study. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(4):829–40.
Cruz-Herranz A, Balk LJ, Oberwahrenbrock T, Saidha S, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Lagreze WA, et al. The APOSTEL recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies. Neurology. 2016;86(24):2303–9.
Keane PA, Grossi CM, Foster PJ, Yang Q, Reisman CA, Chan K, et al. Consortium UKBEV: optical coherence tomography in the UK Biobank study – rapid automated analysis of retinal thickness for large population-based studies. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164095.
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs–an extension of the modified Airlie house classification. ETDRS report number 10. Ophthalmology. 1991;98(5 Suppl):786–806.
Fan M, Sun D, Zhou T, Heianza Y, Lv J, Li L, et al. Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of 385 292 UK biobank participants. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(11):1182–9.
Said MA, Verweij N, van der Harst P. Associations of combined genetic and lifestyle risks with incident cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the UK Biobank study. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3(8):693–702.
Yates T, Zaccardi F, Dhalwani NN, Davies MJ, Bakrania K, Celis-Morales CA, et al. Association of walking pace and handgrip strength with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a UK Biobank observational study. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(43):3232–40.
Zhang P, Guo D, Xu B, Huang C, Yang S, Wang W, et al. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: results from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(5):1219–29.
Ramakrishnan R, Doherty A, Smith-Byrne K, Rahimi K, Bennett D, Woodward M, et al. Accelerometer measured physical activity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study. PLoS Med. 2021;18(1):e1003487.
Wan EYF, Fung WT, Schooling CM, Au Yeung SL, Kwok MK, Yu EYT, et al. Blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study. Hypertension. 2021;77(2):367–75.
Diniz-Filho A, Abe RY, Zangwill LM, Gracitelli CP, Weinreb RN, Girkin CA, et al. Association between intraocular pressure and rates of retinal nerve fiber layer loss measured by optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(10):2058–65.
Wang W, Chen Y, Kun X, Gong X, Liu H, Wei D, et al. Flow and geometrical alterations in retinal microvasculature correlated with the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy: evidence from a longitudinal study. Retina. 2022;42(9):1729–36.
Lim HB, Shin YI, Lee MW, Park GS, Kim JY. Longitudinal changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019;137(10):1125–32.
Sohn EH, van Dijk HW, Jiao C, Kok PH, Jeong W, Demirkaya N, et al. Retinal neurodegeneration may precede microvascular changes characteristic of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(19):E2655–64.
Alba AC, Agoritsas T, Walsh M, Hanna S, Iorio A, Devereaux PJ, et al. Discrimination and calibration of clinical prediction models: users’ guides to the medical literature. JAMA. 2017;318(14):1377–84.
Leening MJ, Vedder MM, Witteman JC, Pencina MJ, Steyerberg EW. Net reclassification improvement: computation, interpretation, and controversies: a literature review and clinician’s guide. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(2):122–31.
Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB Sr, Steyerberg EW. Extensions of net reclassification improvement calculations to measure usefulness of new biomarkers. Stat Med. 2011;30(1):11–21.
Tsimikas S, Willeit P, Willeit J, Santer P, Mayr M, Xu Q, et al. Oxidation-specific biomarkers, prospective 15-year cardiovascular and stroke outcomes, and net reclassification of cardiovascular events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(21):2218–29.
de Aguiar Remigio MC, Brandt CT, Santos CC, Arantes TE, de Aguiar MI. Macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Eye (Lond). 2015;29(4):465–8.
Kim M, Park KH, Kwon JW, Jeoung JW, Kim TW, Kim DM. Retinal nerve fiber layer defect and cerebral small vessel disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(9):6882–6.
Wang D, Li Y, Zhou Y, Jin C, Zhao Q, Wang A, et al. Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. A community-based, observational study. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177277.
Xu L, Zhou JQ, Wang S, Wang YX, You QS, Yang H, et al. Localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects and arterial hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(4):511–7.
Hayreh SS, Jonas JB. Appearance of the optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer in atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension: an experimental study in rhesus monkeys. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130(1):91–6.
Lee MW, Lee WH, Park GS, Lim HB, Kim JY. Longitudinal changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in hypertension: 4-year prospective observational study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(12):3914–9.
Wan P, Su W, Zhang Y, Li Z, Deng C, Li J, et al. LncRNA H19 initiates microglial pyroptosis and neuronal death in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27(1):176–91.
Farrah TE, Webb DJ, Dhaun N. Retinal fingerprints for precision profiling of cardiovascular risk. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16(7):379–81.
Wagner SK, Fu DJ, Faes L, Liu X, Huemer J, Khalid H, et al. Insights into systemic disease through retinal imaging-based oculomics. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020;9(2):6.
Cheung CY, Biousse V, Keane PA, Schiffrin EL, Wong TY. Hypertensive eye disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):14.
Vadala M, Castellucci M, Guarrasi G, Terrasi M, La Blasca T, Mule G. Retinal and choroidal vasculature changes associated with chronic kidney disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;257(8):1687–98.
Pontikos, Siegfried KW, Balaskas K, Faes L, Kortuem K, Fasler K, et al. Comment on: trends in retina specialist imaging utilization from 2012 to 2016 in the United States Medicare fee-for-service population. Am J Ophthalmol. 2020;211:229.
Robson, Dostal I, Sheikh A, Eldridge S, Madurasinghe V, Griffiths C, et al. The NHS health check in England: an evaluation of the first 4 years. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):e008840.
Ran A, Cheung CY. Deep learning-based optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography image analysis: an updated summary. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2021;10(3):253–60.
Lains I, Wang JC, Cui Y, Katz R, Vingopoulos F, Staurenghi G, et al. Retinal applications of swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Prog Retin Eye Res. 2021;84:100951.
Ho H, Tham YC, Chee ML, Shi Y, Tan NYQ, Wong KH, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in a multiethnic normal Asian population: the Singapore epidemiology of eye diseases study. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(5):702–11.
Thakur S, Yu M, Tham YC, Majithia S, Soh ZD, Fang XL, et al. Utilisation of poor-quality optical coherence tomography scans: adjustment algorithm from the Singapore epidemiology of eye diseases (SEED) study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106(7):962–9.
Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596–646.
Balakumar P, Maung UK, Jagadeesh G. Prevalence and prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Res. 2016;113(Pt A):600–9.
