Around the globe Industry Stories published a report titled “Educational Game titles Market” exploration report which covers thorough details on prevalent developments, motorists, advancement options, and restraints that can adjust the current market dynamics of the world wide marketplace. This report gives an in-depth assessment of the current market segmentation that features merchandise, applications, and geographical analysis. Worldwide Academic Game titles industry report delivers a near look at on foremost competition with strategic assessment, micro and macro market place pattern and scenarios, pricing investigation, and a total overview of the business circumstances all through the forecast period of time.
The study report on the Academic Video games sector gives a in depth analysis of present organizations that can impact the current market outlook during the forthcoming several years. In addition to that, it delivers an correct evaluation by highlighting data on a number of factors that may incorporate growth motorists, options, developments, and hindrances. It also represents the general Educational Online games market measurement from a international perspective by analyzing historic facts and qualitative insights.
The Instructional Game titles marketplace investigate report gives an in-depth examination of the key factors stimulating industry expansion. It also sheds gentle on the troubles or restraining aspects that are poised to hinder marketplace growth about the forecast timeframe. The segmentation chapters help readers to recognize aspects of the industry these kinds of as its products, industry size, producer facts, share, offered technological know-how, and purposes. The research report also supplies in depth details on new tendencies that may outline the enhancement of these segments in the coming decades.
Contemplating the Geographical Landscape of the Academic Game titles industry:
The Educational Video games Current market report supplies information about the marketplace location, which is even further subdivided into sub-areas and countries/regions. In addition to the current market share in every state and sub-region, this chapter of this report also has details on earnings options.
➤ North The united states (United States, Canada, and Mexico) ➤ Europe (Uk, Germany, France, Russia, and Italy) ➤ Asia-Pacific (China, Korea, Japan, India, and Southeast Asia) ➤ South The united states (Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, and so forth.) ➤ The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa)
This report provides actionable expansion insights and an intensive review comprising secondary investigate, principal interviews with sector stakeholders, rivals, validation, and triangulation with the Globally Market place Studies regional database. Professionals have comprehensive key information with the marketplace gamers across the value chain in all regions and business professionals to obtain qualitative and quantitative insights.
The report delivers insights on the following pointers:
✅ Industry Penetration: Complete information and facts on the product or service portfolios of the leading gamers in the Instructional Game titles sector.
✅ Product or service Progress/Innovation: Comprehensive insights on the forthcoming technologies, R&D actions, and item launches in the sector.
✅ Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of the market place methods, geographic and organization segments of the foremost players in the market place.
✅ Marketplace Enhancement: Extensive facts about emerging marketplaces. This report analyzes the sector for numerous segments across geographies.
✅ Marketplace Diversification: Exhaustive facts about new products, untapped geographies, new developments, and investments in the Academic Video games marketplace.
Critical Gains for Educational Online games Market Reviews:
➧ What is the worldwide sales value, output value, use benefit, import, and export of field? ➧ Who are the international critical manufacturers of the Instructional Online games market? What is their operating circumstance? ➧ What are the Instructional Game titles market place options and threats confronted by the distributors in the international Educational Game titles Industry? ➧ Which application/finish-person or item style might seek incremental expansion potential clients? ➧ What concentrated solution and constraints are holding the marketplace? ➧ What are the different product sales, marketing and advertising, and distribution channels in the world wide field?
Worldwide Sector Reviews is your a person-end repository of in depth and in-depth marketplace exploration reviews compiled by an in depth list of publishers from across the globe. We offer you stories across nearly all domains and an exhaustive list of sub-domains less than the solar. The in-depth market place assessment by some of the most vastly seasoned analysts delivers our various range of clientele from across all industries with crucial selection-producing insights to approach and align their marketplace approaches in line with latest current market trends.
Most graduate systems at U.S. universities need pupils to take a specified set of courses. Aside from these programs, pupils are also generally permitted to select a handful of elective programs from any section that relates to their key or location of investigation. Whilst some global learners could be unaware of this alternative in U.S. graduate packages, picking the appropriate elective programs is essential.
Thinking about the competitive occupation marketplace, potential worldwide graduate college students need to approach to “focus on crafting a recognizable specialization or two in the course of their graduate academic encounter,” says Matthew Greene, an educational guide based in Connecticut.
That consists of deciding upon the right electives. When selecting classes, Greene claims students must target on how they can differentiate on their own in get to stand out and obtain a location in their preferred willpower.
Listed here are some tips on how future global learners can prepare to make the most out of electives in grad faculty.
Really don’t Enroll in a Course Just Since It really is ‘Advanced’
Several international learners may want to enroll in classes with the search term “state-of-the-art” adopted by a generic identify that relates to their plan of research, but specialists say that may well not be the best choice.
“Generally talking, pupils are inclined to assume that “innovative” programs will search good on their transcript,” states Lorenley Baez, associate provost for academic advising and job enhancement at The New University in New York. But she suggests superior courses have a tendency to need “a terrific deal of examining, producing and discussion, which can be demanding for pupils whose initial language is not English or if writing or discussion is not their sturdy suit.”
And just due to the fact a class is labeled “superior” won’t suggest it truly is the ideal alternative for you, says Eric Endlich, founder of Major College or university Consultants. He advises learners to choose electives primarily based on instructional and vocation aims in its place.
All graduate electives are thought of “state-of-the-art” due to the fact they contain material higher than the undergraduate stage, suggests Mark Golkowski, affiliate dean of training and scholar achievement at the Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Design at the College of Colorado—Denver. What’s much more vital, he suggests, is that on completion of a graduate diploma a university student has both breadth and depth in their area.
“Employers will want to see distinct techniques and awareness, but also an understanding of the complete discipline that undergraduates may possibly lack,” claims Golkowski. “It is important to have an ideal portfolio of programs that make a applicant stand out and not consist of any gaps.”
Check with Your Professor for Tips
Future learners may want to seek the advice of with their professors on picking out electives, particularly professors they will be undertaking investigate with.
“Professors are the finest source in obtaining information on the content of courses and their applicability to unique professions,” Golkowski says.
This is particularly true in technological fields, in which school members can give insight on certain expertise and concepts, he suggests. “Professors also normally are related to industry and employers as a result of their networks and research and can suggest on present field traits,” Golkowski notes.
Pupils need to plan to examine their educational ambitions, states Lisa Chuang, assistant professor of communication at Hawai’i Pacific College. She claims professors can present support deciding upon “classes that might enable you in producing the abilities for your plans or final capstone or thesis.”
Graduate college students should purpose to recognize at the very least one particular mentor. Mentors can assistance tutorial college students via their tutorial or specialist program, like selections about classes, investigate specializations and job pathways, Greene suggests.
Pick out Elective Lessons That Hone Analysis or New Expertise
Professionals say potential global students need to system on taking elective lessons that can help sharpen their research abilities or educate other new capabilities.
“A strategic way to see a transcript is that it is a portfolio of competencies,” Golkowski says.
To get an edge in the career current market just after graduation, a student’s transcript really should emphasize each broad essential information and distinct abilities that businesses see as important, he states. Obtaining strong study abilities can assistance a candidate stand out.
“Research is the greatest sort of scholarship and contribution to one’s area,” says Golkowski.
If carried out ideal, he claims it suggests college students “are pushing the frontier of human understanding,” which is one thing that employers want to see.
College students who do not have a current or opportunity employer need to seek the steering of their academic advisor, Thomas Hassett, affiliate vice president for global enrollment and engagement at Gannon University in Pennsylvania, wrote by using e-mail.
“Academic advisors, at the graduate degree specially, must be properly acquainted with the business that is connected to the graduate method,” Hassett states. “They ought to know what will make a single employable primarily based on required skill sets and what classes should be deemed towards this conclude.”
The Global Game-Based Learning Market size is expected to reach $32. 6 billion by 2027, rising at a market growth of 19. 6{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} CAGR during the forecast period. Game-based learning is built on the idea of teaching through repetition, failure, and goal achievement.
New York, April 04, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report “Global Game-Based Learning Market Size, Share & Industry Trends Analysis Report By Component, By End User, By Deployment Type, By Game Type, By Regional Outlook and Forecast, 2021 – 2027” – https://www.reportlinker.com/p06249495/?utm_source=GNW This is the foundation of video gaming. The player starts out slowly and gradually increases their abilities until they can easily navigate the most difficult levels. Well-designed games have enough challenge to keep the player interested while remaining simple enough to win.
This same technique is applied to teaching a curriculum in game-based learning. Students collaborate toward a common objective, making decisions and dealing with the repercussions of their decisions. They learn and practice the proper method to do things on a regular basis. As a result, rather than passive learning, active learning occurs.
Game traits and principles are interwoven within learning activities in game-based learning. Learning activities encourage student engagement and motivation to learn in this setting. Points systems, badges, leaderboards, discussion boards, quizzes, and classroom response systems are all part of game-based learning. Points may be rewarded academically, such as an extra week to complete an assignment after achieving a specific threshold. Students can earn badges for achieving a certain level of achievement, and classroom response systems like Kahoot or Top Hat reward engagement with points.
By incorporating video game design and components into learning environments, game-based learning tries to encourage students and arouse their interest. This strategy simplifies complex concepts while also providing an engaging and fun learning experience. In addition, it provides students’ ownership of their learning, encourages them to move to a lateral thinking approach, allows them to study diverse disciplines, and makes the learning process more viable. As a result, game-based learning has become one of the most popular educational segments in the world.
COVID-19 Impact
The closure of educational facilities owing to the COVID-19 epidemic leads imperatively to the utilization of technological advancements and the Internet for ensuring the continuity of learning. In this direction, Game-based Learning can be beneficial to teaching and learning as most students prefer to use their mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets. Moreover, incorporating gaming into the educational process can boost students’ motivation for learning and improve their learning outcomes.
Game-based learning has numerous potentialities for facilitating the transformation of learning and education in ways that are appropriate to address the challenges posed by the COVID-19, while also providing benefits that are relevant and long-lasting well after the pandemic has passed. Digital game-based learning and gamification, for example, are enabled by modern ICT technologies and allow for the creation of communal learning experiences that are not confined by the physical limits of a classroom.
Market Growth Factors:
The rise in the number of smartphone and internet users
According to figures from the International Telecommunication Union 2020, 62.6 percent of Asia’s total population has internet connectivity and witnessed a growth of 2,268 percent since 2000. Due to growing disposable income, the presence of some of the world’s leading players, and other conducive factors, Europe and North America are making substantial growth in innovative learning methods. The demand for game-based learning in these regions is due to the ever-growing internet penetration rates. In the same year, Africa had relatively low internet penetration than other regions. In the upcoming years, the growing number of smartphone users is likely to play a significant role in creating demand for innovative learning methods like game-based learning. According to UN, Eurostat, and other similar agencies’ figures, there were approximately 5.27 billion smartphone or mobile users in the globe in 2020, accounting for approximately 67.1 percent of the population.
Demand for augmented reality, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence (AI) in education is on the rise
AR-enabled games are being developed by companies; players can use AR technologies to sketch pictures and show off their creations. The use of augmented reality and virtual reality in on-the-job training is rapidly expanding. Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) began its culinary training with virtual reality. The virtual reality environment can be used to train personnel without the risk of making mistakes.
Panning Slides, Vertical Parallax, Horizontal Parallax, Layered Display, and 360 interactions are examples of displays created by companies. This creates a 3D effect by displaying multiple elements of sub-topics on the same screen. To develop really engaging learning experiences, companies use a combination of 3D animation, 2D animation, augmented reality, virtual reality, original audio, and well-honed instructional design concepts to produce turnkey immersive learning solutions.
Market Restraining factors:
Lack of IT infrastructure at schools and colleges and low internet accessibility
It is challenging to set up IT infrastructure in schools and businesses. They’ll need to set up servers like a cloud server, a dedicated server, and a shared server, among other things. Each server has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. The expense of running a cloud server is high. Moreover, it is still not feasible for many educations as well as other institutions to incorporate game-based learning solutions in their curriculum due to the high initial investment. Corporations must also establish a software that incorporates a learning management system (LMS). Hundreds of LMS are available on the market; some are commercial, while others, like MOODLE, are open-source. It is challenging to compare the features of each LMS to their training demands and budget, and then choose the best LMS.
Component Outlook
Based on Component, the market is segmented into Solution and Services. The Services segment garnered a significant revenue share of the Game-based Learning market in 2020. This is because these services assist end users with the development of game-based learning solutions as well as the installation, deployment, and continuing support of such solutions. Certain service providers assist end-users in developing tailored solutions for their businesses. In the game-based learning market, implementation services allow businesses to customize, install, configure, and deploy a game-based learning solution to meet their specific business needs. These services allow businesses to tailor a game-based learning solution to their specific training workflow and user hierarchy, hence enhancing the delivery and efficacy of the training.
End User Outlook
Based on End User, the market is segmented into Education, Consumer, Healthcare, Retail & eCommerce, Government & Defense, Manufacturing, IT & Telecom, and Others. In 2020, the Education segment acquired the biggest revenue share of the Game-based learning market. In this industry, game-based learning is utilized in flashcard-type games like a duel, simulation games (Plantville), quiz games (Kahoot), interactives (Funbrain), reality testing games (chemistry VR), puzzles (crossword), and strategy games (Europa universals). Students are motivated and interested in game-based learning because it is unique. The rapid feedback that learners and educators receive as a result of the gaming technique is a significant feature that both learners and educators benefit from.
Deployment Type Outlook
Based on Deployment Type, the market is segmented into Cloud and On-Premise. In 2020, the Cloud segment held the largest revenue share of the game-based learning market. This is because a rising number of educational institutions are inclined towards the games-based learning models on cloud platforms. This is due to the cloud platform’s advantages, which include minimal implementation costs, improved performance, tailored services, and flexibility. Cloud-based deployment of game-based learning solutions is further encouraged by simpler and more effective data processing methodologies, huge storage, and easy switching between projects.
Game Type Outlook
Based on Game Type, the market is segmented into Training, knowledge & skill-based Games, Assessment & Evaluation Games, AI-based Games, AR VR Games, Language Learning Games and Others. In 2020, the AI-based games segment obtained a promising revenue share of the game-based learning market. Adaptive learning – that is, learning information that automatically and constantly adapts to the learner’s competence and knowledge based on their input – is one effective method artificial intelligence will supplement game-based learning. This implies synthesizing data on a player’s actions, abilities, and learning styles in a game-based learning setting, then using that data to give content tailored to that individual’s needs.
Regional Outlook
Based on Regions, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Latin America, Middle East & Africa. In 2020, North America emerged as the leading region in the overall Game-based learning market. In addition, the region would showcase a similar kind of trend even during the forecasting period. In terms of end-user adoption of game-based learning solutions, North America has been a very open and competitive market. It is the most advanced region in terms of implementing a game-based learning system. Within traditional-based learning solutions, it has been particularly receptive to integrating the latest technological breakthroughs, such as integration technologies with AI, cloud, and mobile technologies. The strict government standards and regulations created for numerous industries are a primary economic factor for this region.
The market research report covers the analysis of key stake holders of the market. Key companies profiled in the report include Kahoot! AS, Spin Master Corp., Breakaway Games, Raptivity (Harbinger Group), StratBeans Consulting Pvt. Ltd., Schell Games, BYJU’S (Tangible Play, Inc.), Frontier Developments plc, Bublar Group AB (Vobling AB), and Recurrence, Inc.
Strategies Deployed in Game-Based Learning Market
Jan-2022: Schell Games introduced Lost Recipes – an upcoming educational game that allows a person to explore authentic cooking across time and cultures in VR. In Lost Recipes, a person can take on the role of a Ghost Chef in training, preparing meals for spirits from the Greek, Chinese, and Maya civilizations who want to pass down their favorite dish’s ancient recipes.
Nov-2021: Kahoot! formed a partnership with Minecraft, a sandbox video game developed by the Swedish video game developer Mojang Studios. Following the partnership, the companies rolled out free learning content as part of their Hour of Code: TimeCraft program. This partnership would provide an interactive learning experience within the world of Minecraft and on Kahoot!, making the world of coding even more exciting and accessible.
Nov-2021: Kahoot! unveiled Kahoot!+ Study, a new offering developed for higher education students. Kahoot!+ Study enables students to develop unique study experiences and expedite their learning for final exam season and throughout the school year. Higher education students can get rid of tedious study sessions and experience entertaining and active learning with the Kahoot!+ Study membership plans.
Sep-2021: Kahoot! came into a partnership with Star Wars, an American epic space opera multimedia franchise. This partnership features Yoda, Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, C-3PO, BB-8, and Chewbacca are among the characters and droids from the Star Wars franchise to offer collections of ready-to-play kahoots on Kahoot! Academy. Through this partnership, Kahoot! Academy provides an innovative way to engage in learning for its millions of users across the world.
Sep-2021: Kahoot! took over Clever, a privately-held, California-based company that is one of the most broadly-used digital learning platforms in U.S. K-12 education. Moreover, the two companies would together offer enhanced digital learning solutions and offerings for educators, students, parents, schools, and districts globally, assisting learners to discover their complete learning potential.
Jul-2021: Kahoot! introduced a new integration with GIPHY. This integration would provide a free feature that enables all Kahoot! users to include GIPHY content – including GIFs and animated stickers – to their Kahoot! learning games.
May-2021: Osmo formed a partnership with In Motion, the largest airport-based electronics retailer in North America, and its sister venues iStore and Soundbalance, which provide advanced and diverse premium electronics for tech-savvy businesses and leisure travelers. Traveling with technology is a necessity for today’s parents, even for their children, who are looking for the greatest items and entertainment to use while on the road. Moreover, because tablet technology makes it easier to use while flying, kids may effortlessly play Osmo’s fun learning activities for kids.
Oct-2020: Osmo introduced Math Wizard educational games series, which allows kids to learn math at their own pace and assists parents increase pandemic schooling. For children aged six to eight, Osmo has developed a new curriculum-inspired Math Wizard series. The series teaches mathematics using games that are engaging, hands-on, narrative-driven, and adventure-based, in which children learn math by touching and manipulating things and playing with everyday math applications.
Oct-2020: Spin Master took over Rubik’s Brand, owner of the world-famous Rubik’s Cube. Following the acquisition, Spin Master intends to build on the Rubik’s brand’s legacy, with plans for more innovation across the Rubik’s offerings and wider distribution across the Company’s global reach.
Jul-2018: Schell Games rolled out HoloLAB Champions, a new game through which it brought VR into the chemistry labs. The new game is designed to be used in conjunction with a classroom curriculum and is aimed at high school students aged 14 to 18. The game, which is available for download through the Steam online platform, teaches chemical skills and allows players to learn through virtual experiments in a game show format.
May-2018: Recurrence extended its partnership with Penn State University, one of the best universities in the world. Following the partnership, the Recurrence offers The Signature Case Study, a business simulation in which students play high-level executive roles like CEO or CFO as they lead an airline through a series of obstacles based on real-world data.
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Just a couple many years back again, Ayaan, a quality 3 kid in Nasik, hated figures and formulas. Having said that, in the pandemic, his college partnered with an edtech player, furnishing match based finding out methods. To his mother and father and teacher’s shock, math became Ayaan’s favourite issue owing to his really like for games and simplification of concepts by games. Earlier, learning and games would be on a parallel observe, but today recreation based learning is portray a diverse photograph entirely. It is benefitting the university leaders, parents and learners by enabling a tension totally free environment.
Match-based mastering is a way of instructing that employs the electricity of online games to determine and reinforce learning aims. This is completed in an atmosphere with instructional online games that incorporate factors like engagement, speedy rewards, and wholesome competitors. All of this is done to maintain kids intrigued in finding out even though they engage in. The concepts are very easily broken down and conveyed in a contextual and visually interesting method which supports students’ awareness span. This phenomenon has mostly solved the challenge of minimized lower retention stages and attention span among young children. The overall learning practical experience is increased with animation, interactive quizzes, and assessments.
1 this sort of edtech participant that is getting applauded for its built-in match dependent alternatives is Prodigy Instruction. A 10 years old business and a primary Canadian edtech participant that is effectively recognized in the marketplaces of North The usa, British isles and Australia. The corporation has transformed understanding for 150+ million college students in 20,000+ educational facilities and 2.5+ million teachers throughout the world. Today, the platform covers much more than 1,500 curriculum aligned math competencies and in excess of 50,000 math issues to support just about every college student in the globe love discovering. The global chief aims to split the stereotype that match-primarily based methods are only restricted to enjoyable and not finding out. In sport-based mastering, teachers incorporate academic pursuits into their lessons which enable students to refresh outdated ideas or solidify new ones. By leveraging today’s students’ personal understanding of activity engage in, teachers build interesting mastering environments that maximize college student engagement.
Sharing her views on the modifying perception for recreation dependent understanding in the Indian sector, Mahalakshmi Satish, India Director, Prodigy Schooling claimed, “We imagine in supplying large top quality schooling that would permit a profitable long term for youthful learners with an innovation led frame of mind. Through the system, instructors very easily determine mastering gaps among the learners and build match centered assignments to bridge the hole. The assignments assistance in preserving the college students engaged and determined to apply math concepts. The stereotype all around studying can not be pleasurable is altered in today’s academic setup. Surely, recreation centered mastering is the foreseeable future of education and will keep on to thrive in coming yrs.”
The system aligns with National Schooling Policy and Pragyata rules (by the HRD Ministry of the Authorities of India) on digital schooling, focussed on monitoring student engagement, assigning aims and an inbuilt technique of benefits. Assessments can be personalized by subject matter, ability, student and quantity of inquiries as per the requirement.
Mrs Sujatha Nagraj, Principal, Lawrence Substantial College, Bengaluru who partnered with Prodigy Schooling shared, “Prodigy Education and learning is an interactive, sport-centered system where math learning is exciting! It allows pupils establish conceptual comprehension by way of analytical and software-based issues. It motivates learners with challenging questions at every amount to establish a romantic relationship with math. There is no denying that quantities have a daily life of their very own and will push the digital entire world of the upcoming. I experience that any individual who does use Prodigy would advantage from the familiarity and speed of calculation. At present, over 400 students at Lawrence Significant School exercise Math with Prodigy to fix equations in seconds. We have found a paradigm change for the better in our students’ attitude toward Math.”
Through the Prodigy Schooling system, there are three fold added benefits for learners, school leaders and moms and dads. It empowers lecturers through a curriculum-aligned studying device that connects in-class understanding to at-house math practice in a pleasurable and engaging way. For college leaders, it eases the workload of lecturers in planning assignments and grading them, improves pupil general performance in unit tests and examinations and offers a dashboard for college leaders to monitor utilization and evaluate development. For Dad and mom, it is a safe and safe system for small children to exercise math abilities in an action packed fantasy experience.
In 2018, the edtech platform entered the Indian market and has obtained attractiveness for bringing jointly education and learning, online games, and technological know-how. Prodigy Education and learning is now supporting 1st-8th quality pupils to learn math expertise in adherence to the CBSE and ICSE curriculum. In India, the edtech participant has witnessed a large uptick in the need from educational institutions in tier1 and tier 2 cities’. Till day, it has partnered with 500+ schools and 70,000+ pupils from all across the region. Following the achievements of Prodigy Math, the platform is arranging to extend the revolutionary video game-centered learning to other subjects by 2023.
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Intimate partner violence against women is a global public health problem with many short-term and long-term effects on the physical and mental health of women and their children. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for its elimination in target 5.2. To monitor governments’ progress towards SDG target 5.2, this study aimed to provide global, regional, and country baseline estimates of physical or sexual, or both, violence against women by male intimate partners.
Methods
This study developed global, regional, and country estimates, based on data from the WHO Global Database on Prevalence of Violence Against Women. These data were identified through a systematic literature review searching MEDLINE, Global Health, Embase, Social Policy, and Web of Science, and comprehensive searches of national statistics and other websites. A country consultation process identified additional studies. Included studies were conducted between 2000 and 2018, representative at the national or sub-national level, included women aged 15 years or older, and used act-based measures of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence. Non-population-based data, including administrative data, studies not generalisable to the whole population, studies with outcomes that only provided the combined prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence with other forms of violence, and studies with insufficient data to allow extrapolation or imputation were excluded. We developed a Bayesian multilevel model to jointly estimate lifetime and past year intimate partner violence by age, year, and country. This framework adjusted for heterogeneous age groups and differences in outcome definition, and weighted surveys depending on whether they were nationally or sub-nationally representative. This study is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42017054100).
Findings
The database comprises 366 eligible studies, capturing the responses of 2 million women. Data were obtained from 161 countries and areas, covering 90{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} of the global population of women and girls (15 years or older). Globally, 27{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (uncertainty interval [UI] 23–31{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) of ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years are estimated to have experienced physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence in their lifetime, with 13{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (10–16{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) experiencing it in the past year before they were surveyed. This violence starts early, affecting adolescent girls and young women, with 24{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (UI 21–28{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) of women aged 15–19 years and 26{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (23–30{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) of women aged 19–24 years having already experienced this violence at least once since the age of 15 years. Regional variations exist, with low-income countries reporting higher lifetime and, even more pronouncedly, higher past year prevalence compared with high-income countries.
Interpretation
These findings show that intimate partner violence against women was already highly prevalent across the globe before the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments are not on track to meet the SDG targets on the elimination of violence against women and girls, despite robust evidence that intimate partner violence can be prevented. There is an urgent need to invest in effective multisectoral interventions, strengthen the public health response to intimate partner violence, and ensure it is addressed in post-COVID-19 reconstruction efforts.
Funding
UK Department for International Development through the UN Women–WHO Joint Programme on Strengthening Violence against Women Data, and UNDP-UN Population Fund-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction, a cosponsored programme executed by WHO.
Introduction
Intimate partner violence against women is a grave human rights violation and serious global public health concern.
Global health. The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women.
This violence refers to physically, sexually, and psychologically harmful behaviours in the context of marriage, cohabitation, or any other form of union, as well as emotional and economic abuse and controlling behaviours.
Intimate partner violence can have major short-term and long-term physical and mental health effects, including injuries, depression, anxiety, unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections among others, and can also lead to death.
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
It is estimated that 38–50{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} of the murders of women are committed by intimate partners globally.
The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated control measures (ie, lockdowns, mobility restrictions, and curfews) are further exacerbating the already heavy burden of intimate partner violence.
Immediate impact of stay-at-home orders to control COVID-19 transmission on socioeconomic conditions, food insecurity, mental health, and intimate partner violence in Bangladeshi women and their families: an interrupted time series.
The 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by member countries in 2015, calls for the elimination of violence against women and girls—namely through target 5.2 under goal 5 on gender equality and women’s empowerment.
UN Goal 5: achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
The first indicator of this target (5.2.1) specifically focuses on intimate partner violence, requiring countries to regularly report on “the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner”.
UN Goal 5: achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
To understand the true magnitude of the problem and to monitor the progress made globally and by countries individually in addressing violence against women, it is crucial to establish a baseline for the global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence. The regular collection, analyses, and reporting of robust comparable data is the first necessary step to develop targeted evidence-based, effective, and sustainable intersectoral interventions, policies, and programmes aimed at preventing violence against women. In the last decade, there has been a substantial increase in the number of nationally representative population-based surveys collecting data on intimate partner violence.
A framework to model global, regional, and national estimates of intimate partner violence.
However, the measurement of intimate partner violence across surveys still shows notable variations in the quality of the surveys and types of measures used; for example, the definitions and items used to measure physical, sexual, psychological and other forms of intimate partner violence; women sampled (eg, ever-partnered, currently partnered only, or all women); age groups; and whether current or previous partners are included, making comparability across studies and countries challenging.
A framework to model global, regional, and national estimates of intimate partner violence.
Rigorous statistics and estimates on intimate partner violence that adjust for these variations are key to improving understanding of its prevalence, nature, and effect, and how these differ across age groups, countries, and regions.
The objective of this study is to provide baseline reliable and internationally comparable global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of lifetime and past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence by male partners against ever-partnered women, based on an analysis of data from population-based studies and surveys conducted between 2000 and 2018.
Results
The WHO Global Database contains 359 studies with information on lifetime intimate partner violence. For this analysis, two studies were excluded because they contained information on psychological violence only, 23 studies were excluded because they did not use act-specific questions, and 27 studies were excluded because they were outside of the study period (2000–18). A total of 307 studies were analysed for the lifetime intimate partner violence prevalence.
The Global Database contains 392 studies with infor-mation on past year intimate partner violence. Two studies were excluded because they contained information on psychological violence only, 29 studies were excluded because they did not use act-specific questions, and 29 studies were excluded because they were outside of our study period (2000–18). A total of 332 studies were analysed.
There were 307 unique studies conducted between 2000 and 2018, from 154 countries and areas, totalling 1 767 802 unique women responses, that were included to estimate the lifetime prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women aged 15 years and older. The estimates for violence that occurred within the past year were informed by 332 studies from 159 countries and areas and 1 763 989 individual responses. In total, 366 unique studies from 161 countries and areas with data on lifetime or past year, or both, intimate partner violence underpin these estimates. For both time periods, these studies were representative of 90{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} of the world’s population of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older.
A framework to model global, regional, and national estimates of intimate partner violence.
The results for the regional analyses by SDG and WHO regions are available in the appendix (pp 3–5). The study characteristics are displayed in table 2.
Table 2Characteristics of included studies on lifetime and past year intimate partner violence conducted between 2000 and 2018
Data presented as n or n/N ({e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}).
Globally, 27{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (UI 23–31{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) of ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years are estimated to have experienced physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence at least once in their lifetime (table 3). Among ever-partnered women aged 15 years and older, 26{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (22–30{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) are estimated to have experienced intimate partner violence at least once in their lifetime.
Table 3Global prevalence estimates of lifetime and past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-married or ever-partnered women, by age group, in 2018
Data presented as {e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (uncertainty interval {e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}).
Globally, it is estimated that 13{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (UI 10–16{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) of ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years have experienced physical or sexual violence, or both, from an intimate male partner within the year preceding the survey interview. This estimate is 10{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (8–12{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) for women aged 15 years and older.
The age disaggregated prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence shows that such violence is already highly prevalent in the youngest age cohort (table 3, figure 1). Almost one in four ever-partnered adolescent girls between the ages of 15 and 19 are estimated to have experienced physical or sexual violence, or both, from an intimate partner since age 15 (24{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; UI 21–28{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}). The estimated lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence is high at 26–28{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} for women between the ages of 20 and 44 years and is comparatively lower among women older than 60 years, at 23{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (19–31{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) for those aged 60–64 years and 23{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (18–30{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) for those aged 65 years and older. The prevalence estimates among the older age groups need to be interpreted with caution given their overlapping UIs. As with lifetime prevalence, physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence in the past year was highest among the youngest age cohorts: 16{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (UI 14–19{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) among those aged 15–19 years and 16{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (13–19{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) among those aged 20–24 years. The estimated prevalence of this type of violence within the past year was substantially lower among ever-partnered women aged 50 years and older, and was lowest among women aged 60–64 years (5{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 4–7{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) and those aged 65 years and older (4{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 3–7{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}).
Figure 1Global prevalence estimates of lifetime and past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-married or ever-partnered women, by age group, in 2018
Regional variations by the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study classifications showed that the estimated lifetime prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years (the age range for which there is the most data on intimate partner violence) was the highest in Oceania (49{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; UI 38–61{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) and central sub-Saharan Africa (44{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 33–55{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), followed by Andean Latin America (38{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 31–46{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) and eastern sub-Saharan Africa (38{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 31–44{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; table 4). The prevalence of lifetime physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence was also high, and more than the global average, in south Asia (35{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 26–46{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) and north Africa and the Middle East (31{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 24–40{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}).
Table 4Regional prevalence estimates of lifetime and past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-married or ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years, by Global Burden of Disease region, in 2018
Data presented as {e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (UI{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}). Country estimates are presented in the appendix (pp 6–10). UI=uncertainty interval.
The three regions with lowest lifetime intimate partner violence prevalence estimates were central Europe (16{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; UI 12–21{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), central Asia (18{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 13–24{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), and western Europe (20{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 15–26{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), although even these rates are still high.
As with the lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence, the highest prevalence of past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years was in the regions of central sub-Saharan Africa (32{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; UI 22–43{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) and Oceania (29{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 19–40{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), followed by eastern sub-Saharan Africa (24{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 19–29{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) and south Asia (19{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 12–27{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; table 4).
Overall, mostly high-income countries including Australasia (3{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; UI 2–5{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), western Europe (4{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 3–6{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), central Europe (5{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 3–6{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), southern Latin America (5{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 3–8{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), and North America (6{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 4–9{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) had the lowest estimated prevalence rates of past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among women aged 15–49 years.
Differences in the prevalence of intimate partner violence between the largely higher-income regions and low-income and middle-income regions were much more pronounced for prevalence in the past year compared with lifetime prevalence (figure 2).
Figure 2Map of 2018 lifetime versus past year prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years by Global Burden of Disease region and Sustainable Development Goals super region
The appendix (pp 6–10) provides the 2018 prevalence estimates and 95{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} UIs for lifetime and past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years, for every country and area that had at least one available data source that met the inclusion criteria for this analysis.
There was a wide variation in prevalence across countries (figure 3). The median prevalence estimates of lifetime physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years was highest in 19 countries (Kiribati [53{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Fiji [52{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Papua New Guinea [51{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Bangladesh and Solomon Islands [both 50{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Democratic Republic of the Congo and Vanuatu [both 47{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Afghanistan and Equatorial Guinea [both 46{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Uganda [45{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Liberia and Nauru [both 43{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Bolivia [42{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Gabon, South Sudan, and Zambia [all 41{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Burundi, Lesotho, and Samoa [all 40{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}]). The median estimates of these countries ranged from 53{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (UI 35–70{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in Kiribati, 50{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (37–62{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in Bangladesh, and 50{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (33–67{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in the Solomon Islands, to 40{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (27–55{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in Burundi, 40{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (21–62{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in Lesotho, and 40{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (25–57{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in Samoa. All except two of these 19 countries are in Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), sub-Saharan Africa, or south Asia regions. A further 16 countries (Cameroon and Tuvalu [both 39{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Angola, Kenya, Marshall Islands, Peru, Rwanda, Timor-Leste, and Tanzania [all 38{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Ethiopia, Guinea, and Tonga [all 37{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Sierra Leone [36{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], and India, Federated States of Micronesia, and Zimbabwe [all 35{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}]), mainly from sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, had the second highest prevalence ranges, with 35–39{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} of ever-married or ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years having been subjected to physical or sexual, or both, violence from an intimate partner at least once in their lifetime.
Figure 3Map of prevalence estimates of lifetime physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years, in 2018
The group with the lowest prevalence estimates for lifetime physical or sexual violence, or both (ranging from 10 to 14{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), includes 12 countries (Georgia and Armenia [both 10{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Singapore [11{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Switzerland and Bosnia and Herzegovina [both 12{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Albania, Poland, North Macedonia, and Croatia [all 13{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], and Cuba, Azerbaijan, and the Philippines [all 14{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}]). Of the 12 countries, six were in subregions of Europe, with a prevalence between 12 and 13{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}, and three were countries in western Asia, with prevalence estimates for lifetime physical or sexual violence, or both, of: 10{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (UI 6–17{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in Armenia, 10{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (6–18{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in Georgia, and 14{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (8–22{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) in Azerbaijan. The other three countries were: Singapore with 11{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (5–22{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Cuba with 14{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (8–23{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), and the Philippines with 14{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} (10–21). Four additional countries from Europe and one from central Asia had prevalence between 15 and 16{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}.
Figure 4 presents a map with the country-level past year prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years. The 14 countries with the highest prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence in the past year (ranging from 25–36{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) were Democratic Republic of the Congo (36{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; UI 23–50{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Afghanistan (35{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 22–50{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Papua New Guinea (31{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 19–45{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Vanuatu (29{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 16–48{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Equatorial Guinea (29{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 16–46{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Solomon Islands (28{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 15–46{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Timor-Leste (28{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 19–40{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Zambia (28{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 19–39{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Ethiopia (27{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 17–38{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Liberia (27{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 17–40{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), South Sudan (27{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 13–48{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Uganda (26{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 18–36{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), Angola (25{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 14–39{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), and Kiribati (25{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}; 14–42{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}). There were 14 additional countries (Tanzania [24{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Bangladesh, Fiji, Kenya, and Rwanda [all 23{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Burundi, Cameroon, and Gabon [all 22{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], Central African Republic, Guinea, and Federated States of Micronesia [21{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}], and Nauru, Sierra Leone, and Tuvalu [20{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}]) that had prevalence rates between 20 and 24{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}, mainly from the sub-Saharan African and Oceania regions.
Figure 4Map of prevalence estimates of past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years, in 2018
Of the 30 countries with the lowest prevalence estimates for past year physical or sexual violence, or both (up to 4{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}), 24 were high-income countries. 23 of the 30 countries within this lowest prevalence range were in Europe. The other seven were Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Uruguay.
Discussion
Our study confirms that, concerningly, physical or sexual violence, or both, against women by male intimate partners is highly prevalent globally. Overall, we found that more than one in four (27{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years had experienced physical or sexual violence, or both, from a current or former intimate partner at least once in their lifetime; and one in seven (13{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) had experienced it in the past year. This finding means that in 2018, up to 492 million ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years had been subjected to this type of violence by an intimate partner at least once since the age of 15 years.
This study also draws attention to the high amount of recent or current intimate partner violence experienced by young women, with one in six women (16{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf}) aged 15–24 years estimated to have been subjected to physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence within the year preceding the survey. This finding is concerning because adolescence and early adulthood are important life stages in which the foundations for healthy relationships are built; this violence has long-lasting effects on women’s health and overall wellbeing.
Intimate partner violence among adolescents and young women: prevalence and associated factors in nine countries: a cross-sectional study.
We found that the lifetime and past year prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence varied widely across regions and countries, with higher prevalence rates of both types in low-income and middle-income countries and regions than high-income countries. These differences between higher-income and lower-income regions were notably more pronounced with past year prevalence than lifetime prevalence, and the relative differences between lifetime and past year prevalence were smaller in low-income and middle-income countries and regions. It is important to note that there are 28 countries with past year physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence prevalence that is substantially higher than the global average. Several of these are countries affected by conflict. These findings are consistent with the different social, economic, and political circumstances that are associated with intimate partner violence and limit women’s ability to leave abusive relationships, such as economic insecurity, gender inequitable norms, high amounts of societal stigma, economic insecurity, discriminatory family law, and inadequate support services.
Attitudes towards domestic violence in 49 low- and middle-income countries: a gendered analysis of prevalence and country-level correlates.
The limitations of these analyses first include the reliance on the availability and quality of existing violence against women survey data and measures. The modelled estimates and UIs presented in this Article are the most accurate that could be derived from the available 2000–18 prevalence data from 161 countries and areas on intimate partner violence. However, although there has been an increase in the number of national population-based surveys with such data, there are gaps in the availability of data in some geographical regions, and not all surveys are recent or use gold standard measures.
Global health. The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women.
Second, all estimates in this study are based on women’s self-reported experiences of being subjected to intimate partner violence. Given the sensitive nature of the issue, the true prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence is likely to be higher. Survey design and implementation, including interviewer training, play an important role in enabling disclosure and affect survey results.
WHO Putting women first: ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women.
Third, the definition of a partnership is variable across contexts, and we relied on the survey’s definition of a partnership. However, some studies might not have captured all partnership types and this could have affected our estimates, especially among adolescent and younger women.
Fourth, our estimates for women aged 60 years and older are limited by the relative paucity of empirical observations. Because most data, especially for low-income and middle-income countries, came from demographic and health surveys, data availability is skewed towards women of reproductive age in the 15–49 year range. Although this group of women might be at a higher risk of intimate partner violence, there is a need for more and better quality data to optimally capture the violence experienced by older women
Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature.
and across the life course.
And finally, psychological intimate partner violence has substantial negative effects on women. However, this type of violence could not be included in the current estimation process because of the challenges that exist with variations in definitions, measurement, and non-standardisation across surveys and countries.
Emotional abuse: a neglected dimension of partner violence.
Work by WHO is underway to address these challenges and overcome this limitation.
We need to continue strengthening, standardising, and building capacity for the collection, reporting, and use of data on violence against women to support countries’ efforts and to monitor progress at national, regional, and global levels. We recommend that governments invest in dedicated surveys on violence against women or comprehensive modules with specially trained interviewers and adherence to ethical and safety standards to better estimate the magnitude of violence against women. These improved estimates are crucial to the development of effective prevention policies and programmes. There is a need to develop robust survey measures to better understand violence experienced by women living with multiple forms of discrimination, for example those living with disabilities, indigenous and minority ethnic or migrant women, transgender women, and women in same-sex partnerships, for which there are currently few data.
Addressing violence against women: a call to action.
Despite the limitations in available data, this study unequivocally establishes the persistently high prevalence of intimate partner violence. Notably, intimate partner violence is preventable. There has been a substantial increase in the body of knowledge on what works to prevent violence against women and girls in the last decade.
WHO RESPECT women: preventing violence against women.
This framework, endorsed by 14 agencies and funders, organises evidence-based interventions for the prevention of violence against women through seven strategies. Several high-level initiatives, such as the Action Coalition on Gender-based violence of the Generation Equality Forum, are advocating for and investing in countries to do more when it comes to evidence-based prevention, including developing community-based and school-based interventions that promote gender equality and challenge gender stereotypes and discriminatory norms, reforming discriminatory laws, and ensuring women’s access to formal wage employment and secondary and higher education. Other programmes showing promise with regards to violence prevention focus on transforming attitudes that justify violence against women and promoting more equitable relationships within the family, reducing exposure to violence during childhood and reducing child abuse, and increasing access to cash transfers, particularly women’s access to cash transfers.
UN WomenUNFPAWHOUNDPUNODC Essential services package for women and girls subject to violence.
Although progress has been made in implementing such programmes, this progress is grossly insufficient to meet the SDG target of eliminating violence against women by 2030. This problem is likely to have been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic that has caused an unprecedented setback in efforts towards the reduction of violence against women.
Violence against women during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.
Although these estimates are based on pre-COVID-19 survey data, helpline, police, and other service data suggest that the pandemic and its associated lockdowns might have led to further increases in intimate partner violence.
Violence against women during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.
The full effect of the COVID-19 pandemic will only be known when population-based surveys are able to fully resume. The need to scale up existing interventions and the preparedness of health and other sectors to ensure women’s access to services centered around people who have experienced intimate partner violence and referrals is even more pressing.
Intimate partner violence affects the lives of millions of women, children, families, and societies worldwide. These data clearly show that this violence predates the COVID-19 pandemic and will probably continue long after. Preventing intimate partner violence from happening in the first place is necessary and urgent. Governments, societies, and communities need to take heed, invest more, and act with urgency to reduce violence against women, including by addressing it in post-COVID-19 reconstruction efforts.
LS contributed to the study design, data extraction and curation, investigation, methods, validation, microdata analysis, visualisation, writing the original draft, and reviewing and editing the manuscript. MM-G contributed to the data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methods, validation, visualisation, and reviewing and editing the manuscript. HS contributed to the systematic review design and protocol, the study design, data extraction and curation, investigation, methods, and reviewing and editing the manuscript. SRM contributed to the search strategy design and protocol, study design, data extraction, and curation, investigation, and reviewing the manuscript. CG-M conceptualised the study and contributed to the study design, funding acquisition, investigation, validation, methods, project administration, resources, supervision, and reviewing and editing the manuscript. CG-M had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
This report provides a detailed analysis of Online Education Industry. The market will reach US$ 585.48 billion by 2027, from $ 269.87 billion in the year 2021.
Over the years, the ubiquity of information technology has been influencing almost all aspects of human lives: the way we work, communicate with others, process data into information, analyse and share information, entertain ourselves, and enjoy tourism. Further, the e-evolution or e-revolution led to e-mails, e-commerce, e-government, and now has e-education. E-learning or online education is transforming the way we approach teaching and learning. The concept of e-learning is a technology-mediated learning approach of great potential from the educational perspective, and it has been one of the leading research lines of Educational Technology in the last decades. As per the report, the Global Online Education Market will reach US$ 585.48 Billion by 2027.
COVID-19 Transformed the Global Online Education Market
Recently, the digital transformation of education systems at all levels has allowed incorporating a new teaching-learning ecosystem called e-learning. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic caused the closing of classrooms worldwide and forced a billion students and millions of educators to modify their face-to-face academic practices wherever possible suddenly. This situation showed the strengths and weaknesses of education systems facing the challenge of digitalization. Although the rapidly spreading coronavirus harshly affected all businesses, the online education system surprisingly showed lucrative growth opportunities amid the threatening pandemic. Worldwide Online Education Industry is expected to grow with a double-digit CAGR of 13.8{e4f787673fbda589a16c4acddca5ba6fa1cbf0bc0eb53f36e5f8309f6ee846cf} during 2021 -2027.
Academic as End User Holds Major Market Share
In addition, the end-users using the online education delivery models like Academic (Higher Education, Vocational Training and K-12 Education), Corporate (Large Enterprises and SMBs) and Government have witnessed rapid and transformational application for their end-use. Recently, in academics, the institutions like Higher Education, Vocational Training and K-12 Education worldwide have also adapted to online education, a dynamic education landscape generating immense interest among researchers, educators, administrators, policymakers, publishers, and businesses. As per the analysis, academic as end-user holds a significant market share in the online education market, facilitating asynchronous and synchronous education delivery methods and access to online discussion boards, chat rooms, and video conferencing.
Global Online Education Market Size was valued at US$ 269.87 Billion in the year 2021
Over the years, information and communication technologies have kept advancing. Hence, online education has become more feasible technologically, economically, and operationally. By Technology, the publisher has covered the market for Online e-learning, Learning Management systems (LMS), Mobile e-learning, Rapid e-learning and Virtual classroom. Further, the incentives to universities to offer online programs like financial constraints and rewards, increase in non-traditional students working full time, and the advanced state of Technology make it easy to implement.
Asia-Pacific and North America have the promising Online Education Market
We have segmented the Global Online Education Industry based on North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific’s, South America and Middle East & Africa. As per the analysis, Asia-Pacific and North America hold the top two positions in the market. Asia-Pacific, a developing region, leverages the latest advancements such as the hybrid model, new and unique subjects, gamification, peer-to-peer learning, and profile mapping.
The significant drivers for online education in Asia-Pacific include phenomenal growth in Internet and smartphone penetration; digital-friendly government policies; and escalating demand by working professionals and job-seekers for continuing education Further, the development of online education enrolments in the North American region has increased year on year irrespective of an expanding or shrinking economy and rising or declining overall college enrolments. Besides, the continued growth of online programs in countries like Canada and the United States, especially for education, seems to be on the horizon during the forecasted years.
Key Companies
The primary key companies studied in the report include Coursera, Instructure Inc., Byju’s, Adobe Inc. and Alphabet Inc. These companies deliberately focus on developing innovative learning & education solutions that help gain a competitive position in the global market. Moreover, emphasis on inorganic growth strategies such as strategic collaborations and mergers & acquisition activities with technology partners is further expected to expand their solutions and enable them to remain competitive in the online education market worldwide. For instance, in July 2021, BYJU’S acquired the U.S.-based kids learning platform Epic in a US$ 500 Million cash-and-stock deal.
6. Market Share – Global Online Education Analysis 6.1 By User Type 6.2 By Provider 6.3 By Technology 6.4 By Region
7. User Type – Global Online Education Market 7.1 Academic 7.1.1 Higher Education 7.1.2 Vocational Training 7.1.3 K-12 Education 7.1.4 Others 7.2 Corporate 7.2.1 Large Enterprises 7.2.2 SMBs 7.3 Government
9. Technology – Global Online Education Market 9.1 Online e-learning 9.2 Learning Management System (LMS) 9.3 Mobile e-learning 9.4 Rapid e-learning 9.5 Virtual classroom 9.6 Others
10. Region – Global Online Education Market 10.1 North America 10.1.1 United States 10.1.2 Canada 10.2 Europe 10.2.1 United Kingdom 10.2.2 Germany 10.2.3 France 10.2.4 Italy 10.2.5 Spain 10.2.6 Russia 10.3 Asia-Pacific 10.3.1 China 10.3.2 India 10.3.3 Japan 10.3.4 South Korea 10.3.5 Singapore 10.3.6 Australia 10.4 South America 10.4.1 Brazil 10.4.2 Argentina 10.4.3 Chile 10.4.4 Colombia 10.4.5 Rest of South America 10.5 Middle East & Africa
11. Porters Five Forces
12. Key Players 12.1 Coursera 12.1.1 Overview 12.1.2 Recent Development 12.1.3 Revenue 12.2 Instructure Inc., 12.2.1 Overview 12.2.2 Recent Development 12.2.3 Revenue 12.3 Byju’s 12.3.1 Overview 12.3.2 Recent Development 12.3.3 Revenue 12.4 Adobe Inc. 12.4.1 Overview 12.4.2 Recent Development 12.4.3 Revenue 12.5 Alphabet Inc 12.5.1 Overview 12.5.2 Recent Development 12.5.3 Revenue
Just a couple many years back again, Ayaan, a quality 3 kid in Nasik, hated figures and formulas. Having said that, in the pandemic, his college partnered with an edtech player, furnishing match based finding out methods. To his mother and father and teacher’s shock, math became Ayaan’s favourite issue owing to his really like for games and simplification of concepts by games. Earlier, learning and games would be on a parallel observe, but today recreation based learning is portray a diverse photograph entirely. It is benefitting the university leaders, parents and learners by enabling a tension totally free environment. 
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